Linux extend filesystem Tips
How to extend filesystem in virtualbox Linux?
- /root filesystem free size is NOT enough.
Env
Host
macOS Big Sur Version 11.6
Virtualbox version
VirtualBox Graphical User Interface
Version 6.1.22 r144080 (Qt5.6.3)
VM: centos 7
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@centos7 ~]# uname -a
Linux centos7 3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Feb 23 16:47:03 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@centos7 ~]#
VBoxManage modifymedium in host(mas-os)
Extend the vdi size in host.
- From 20480 MB to 30720 MB
my-macos-mac ~ % VBoxManage list hdds
UUID: d43a74a4-d0de-49c2-8552-21a98dcd768b
Parent UUID: base
State: locked write
Type: normal (base)
Location: /Users/honglin/VirtualBox VMs/centos7/centos7.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Capacity: 20480 MBytes
Encryption: disabled
my-macos-mac ~ % VBoxManage modifymedium /Users/honglin/VirtualBox\ VMs/centos7/centos7.vdi --resize 30720
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
my-macos-mac ~ %
my-macos-mac ~ % VBoxManage list hdds
UUID: d43a74a4-d0de-49c2-8552-21a98dcd768b
Parent UUID: base
State: created
Type: normal (base)
Location: /Users/honglin/VirtualBox VMs/centos7/centos7.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Capacity: 30720 MBytes
Encryption: disabled
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000beddc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
[root@centos7 ~]#
fdisk -l /dev/sda
Format the /dev/sda(root vg) via following commands.
- m / n / p / w
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (41943040-62914559, default 41943040):
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-62914559, default 62914559):
Using default value 62914559
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000beddc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@centos7 ~]#
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 83 Linux can be used after reboot virtualbox os.
format disk
Format disk and extend the filesystem.
fdisk -l
ls -l /dev/sda3
pvcreate /dev/sda3
pvdisplay
vgdisplay
vgextend centos /dev/sda3
lvdisplay
lvextend -L +10G /dev/centos/root
df -Th
xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
Sample:
my-macos-mac ~ % ssh root@127.0.0.1 -p2223
root@127.0.0.1's password:
Last login: Fri Mar 4 10:29:17 2022 from gateway
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000beddc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@centos7 ~]# ls -l /dev/sda3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 3 Mar 4 10:38 /dev/sda3
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
mkfs.xfs: /dev/sda3 appears to contain a partition table (dos).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000beddc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: dos signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 510. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping dos signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@centos7 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID a0E967-Ra9B-PvI2-DzIE-IEI1-wWT9-RcqdZF
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID vUFgnU-CnKV-lOxp-1w3y-DaZl-p9g8-dVVJO8
[root@centos7 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID QDzBIM-5pqi-1yTB-2Arv-Dno0-xlws-Tne6zr
[root@centos7 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@centos7 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 28.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7422
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 2559 / <10.00 GiB
VG UUID QDzBIM-5pqi-1yTB-2Arv-Dno0-xlws-Tne6zr
[root@centos7 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID zIjd1N-6fSD-ey2F-LlXh-U9qA-CH9E-8BtyLu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-01-04 10:08:20 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID YoNZgP-6EVf-Da2M-BXHz-jbkK-PkUJ-1vfqWm
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-01-04 10:08:20 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <17.00 GiB
Current LE 4351
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@centos7 ~]# lvextend -L +10G /dev/centos/root
Insufficient free space: 2560 extents needed, but only 2559 available
[root@centos7 ~]# lvextend -L +9.5G /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to <26.50 GiB (6783 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@centos7 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID zIjd1N-6fSD-ey2F-LlXh-U9qA-CH9E-8BtyLu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-01-04 10:08:20 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID YoNZgP-6EVf-Da2M-BXHz-jbkK-PkUJ-1vfqWm
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-01-04 10:08:20 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <26.50 GiB
Current LE 6783
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@centos7 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 9.3M 910M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 17G 13G 5.0G 72% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 185M 830M 19% /boot
Downloads vboxsf 466G 408G 59G 88% /media
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 8.0K 184M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
[root@centos7 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 6945792
[root@centos7 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 9.3M 910M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 27G 13G 15G 46% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 185M 830M 19% /boot
Downloads vboxsf 466G 408G 59G 88% /media
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 8.0K 184M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
[root@centos7 ~]#
root filesystem had extended to 27G from 17G.
Have a good work&life! 2022/03 via LinHong