Oracle控制文件恢复相关笔记
1.控制文件丢失
ORA-00205错误：在alert中有详细的信息描述是那个控制文件丢失问题
cp多路复用的控制文件
2.控制文件中某些block损坏情况
如果是后面的block，库还是可以mount的
如果是前几个block，os block/head block的问题，则库是起不了
cp多路复用的控制文件或者dd if=control02.ctl of control01.ctl bs=16384 count=2 conv=notrunc 来复制对应的block内容
3.恢复controlfile
restore controlfile from “绝对路径”;
3.1 如果控制文件是自动备份的设置，alert日志有记录控制文件备份路径
3.2 如果控制文件不是自动备份，但有snapshot controlfile，可以从快照控制文件中获取
4.恢复完contolfile之后，控制文件比较旧，重建控制文件即可，怎么重建控制文件？
有两种方式，resetlogs/noresetlogs
重建控制文件
step1：获取重建控制文件脚本
SYS@PROD1> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SYS@PROD1> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
SYS@PROD1> oradebug tracefile_name;
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod1/PROD1/trace/PROD1_ora_10964.trc
SYS@PROD1>
step2：查看确认控制文件脚本
[oracle@tc_hong01 trace]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod1/PROD1/trace/PROD1_ora_10964.trc
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod1/PROD1/trace/PROD1_ora_10964.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
System name: Linux
Node name: tc_hong01
Release: 2.6.18-164.el5PAE
Version: #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 02:28:20 EDT 2009
Machine: i686
VM name: VMWare Version: 6
Instance name: PROD1
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 19
Unix process pid: 10964, image: oracle@tc_hong01 (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2016-12-12 13:13:32.297
*** SESSION ID:(125.7) 2016-12-12 13:13:32.297
*** CLIENT ID:() 2016-12-12 13:13:32.297
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2016-12-12 13:13:32.297
*** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@tc_hong01 (TNS V1-V3)) 2016-12-12 13:13:32.297
*** ACTION NAME:() 2016-12-12 13:13:32.297
Processing Oradebug command 'setmypid'
*** 2016-12-12 13:13:32.297
Oradebug command 'setmypid' console output: <none>
*** 2016-12-12 13:13:43.464
-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="PROD1"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='MANDATORY NOREOPEN NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM EXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOREGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "PROD1" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_762197622.dbf';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_860888149.dbf';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "PROD1" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_762197622.dbf';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_860888149.dbf';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
*** 2016-12-12 13:13:59.346
Processing Oradebug command 'tracefile_name'
*** 2016-12-12 13:13:59.346
Oradebug command 'tracefile_name' console output:
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod1/PROD1/trace/PROD1_ora_10964.trc
[oracle@tc_hong01 trace]$
step3: 确认内容
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "PROD1" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_762197622.dbf';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_860888149.dbf';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
a.归档还是非归档 有归档的话–>redo信息–>不能resetlogs方式打开
b.字符集 通过以下参照
select * from v$nls_parameters;
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
或者dd方式打开block
10g是在file#1的722块上
11g是在file#1的801块上
dd if=system01.dbf of=test bs=8192 skip=722 count=1
strings test
c.数据库名